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The primary objective of the study involved determining the Phased Array technique-based detectability of internal gas pores in aluminium joints. The test agenda included the making of joints containing artificial discontinuities, the experimental adjustment of test parameters, the performance of tests using a selected testing technique and the comparison of test results with actual dimensions of...
The article presents a new methodology enabling the determination of linear welding energy as well as discusses inaccuracy-related issues accompanying the calculation of the aforesaid energy using a commonly applied formula. In addition, the article describes the correlation between the cross-sectional fusion area and energy used to melt the base material and the filler metal. The article also discusses...
The safety cell (depending on its producer also referred to as safety cage, roll cage or crash box) is an indispensable sports car element tasked with limiting results of a potential car crash. The aforesaid structure should be characterised by the highest possible and repeatable workmanship, providing strength assumed at the design stage. The collaboration of the Łukasiewicz Research Network – Upper...
Machine building or the fabrication of industrial equipment elements often necessitate the use of welding methods enabling the joining of materials, the physical properties of which differ to a significant extent. Dissimilar joints can often be found in power equipment, chemical systems or reactors. For instance, in power boilers, heat exchanger pipes made of austenitic steels and exposed to very...
The manufacturer of welded structures should meet the requirements set forth in the EN 1090 standard, concerning, in particular, technological processes as well as their control and supervision. Additional requirements are concerned with the selection and evaluation of structural material properties. The so-called Z-test enables the assessment of plastic properties in the direction perpendicular to...
Cutting is usually one of the initial and primary operations used when making welded structures and fabricating structural elements. Increasingly often, the preparation of elements involves the use of thermal, in particular plasma arc, cutting. The plasma arc cutting process consists in melting and ejecting liquid metal from the cut gap by highly concentrated plasma electric arc burning between a...
The study discussed in the article aimed to compare the high-performance robotic MAG TANDEM process with the partly mechanised MAG STANDARD process. Experimental tests involved comparisons concerning the heat effect of the dual-electrode MAG TANDEM process with that accompanying the single-electrode MAG STANDARD process. The tests also included comparisons of linear welding energy (heat input) and...
Because of the unique combination of their properties, nanobainitic steels containing Si are particularly attractive materials for use in gear manufacturing. However, in order to achieve desired results, it is first necessary to obtain a surface of sufficient hardness (i.e. to increase the hardness of the surface layer using surface hardening techniques). One of such techniques is electron beam hardening...
The study discussed in the article aimed to analyse the effect of the peening of each bead on properties of butt joints made of steel S960QL and welded using the robotic MAG welding method (135) and a ceramic backing strip. In addition, the objective of the study was to identify the effect of the peening treatment on the level of stresses. The analysis involved the comparison of three butt joints...
The fabrication of steel structures imposes on the manufacturer obligations to comply with requirements of appropriate standards and regulations. This article discusses examples of German market requirements applying to the fabrication of civil engineering structures (made of steel) in accordance with the German ZTV-ING regulations. In addition, the article provides examples of requirements concerning...
Special rims belong to structural elements determining the safety and service life of vehicles. Because of the fact that welded joints are integral parts of rims, the quality of the former affects the service life of the entire element. In turn, welding, as a special process, is decisive for the quality of joints. Advanced high-performance welding methods (such as laser or hybrid welding) can increase...
Welded joints made of copper alloys and austenitic steels are commonly used in heat exchangers, pipelines and other equipment typical of the power industry. The above-named materials are difficult to weld because of their varying thermal properties. The obtainment of proper welded joints necessitates the performance of tests aimed to develop a technology enabling the welding of copper and austenitic...
Non-alloy steels constitute a large group of steels characterised by diversified chemical composition, structural morphology and a wide range of mechanical properties (determining weldability). The paper presents results of multidimensional analyses (based on cluster analysis) of 110 selected unalloyed steel grades. Properties adopted as diagnostic features included the chemical composition, mechanical...
The article presents characteristics of an upgraded rotary impact testing machine featuring a new measurement system based on strain gauges and enabling the recording of short signals. A dedicated test rig enabled the performance of dynamic tensile and bend tests within a linear velocity of a forcing element (striker/claw) restricted within the range of 5 m/s to 40 m/s. Tests involved TRIP and DP...
Because of differences in physical and chemical properties of materials being joined as well as due to phenomena such as the formation of intermetallic phases, the making of dissimilar joints poses significant problems for the welding industry. Owing to its high power density, achievable high welding rates and the possibility of obtaining high metallurgical purity, electron beam welding is one of...
The article contains the justification for undertaking a study concerning the impact of random disturbances of AC arc on power supply systems of welding machines. In addition, the paper describes principles governing the development of arc macromodels using controlled voltage and current sources. Particular attention is paid to the magnitude of harmonic distortions of the THD+N signal (helpful in...
The article presents results of tests leading to the development of a technology enabling the welding and conventional cladding (methods 141/111) of butt joints of composite tubes made of Sanicro 38/4L7 (nickel alloy/carbon steel) and 3R12/4L7 (stainless steel/carbon steel). In addition, the article discusses process parameters used in the welding of the inner layer and in the cladding of the outer...
Corrosion-resistant steels are used in many industrial sectors, including the food, chemical, petrochemical, power engineering and the building engineering industry. Welding processes constitute the main method enabling the joining of corrosion-resistant steels. Typically, corrosion-resistant steels are joined using manual metal arc welding, gas-shielded metal arc welding (MIG/MAG), flux-cored arc...
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